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Invasive species mapping beyond activities of Nature Conservation Agency
Joščáková, Aneta ; Pergl, Jan (advisor) ; Chobot, Karel (referee)
Invasive species are a persistent problem in environmental protection. In order to grasp invasions properly and especially for their effective management, it is necessary to have good information on the occurrence of invasive species. However, mapping activities to date have mostly been narrowly focused, mainly on sites of conservation interest and selected flagship species. Records from these activities are now concentrated in the Nature Conservancy Central Register of the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic. This database is currently the best data source on the occurrence of invasive species in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, it still does not contain a satisfactory number of records. The largest gaps are in areas outside the interest of nature conservation. Mapping of these areas can be done through citizen science, which is specifically very suitable for mapping invasive species. Another promising but rarely used source of data on the occurrence of invasive species is the grey literature, the potential of which has been explored in this bachelor's thesis. Thesis and professional surveys organised by the county were examined. It was shown that all the studied works and surveys contained large amount of good data on the occurrence of invasive species. Unfortunately, these data...
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Studium problematiky nepůvodních druhů ve vybraném úseku povodí řeky Svratky
Ševčíková, Alice
This thesis deals with the issue of alien species in the selected basin of the river Svratka. The examination of selected vegetation took place near Brno, Tišnov and in Modřice. The studied areas were located on the bank of the river Svratka, on agricultural land near the bank and a few meters from the catchment on uncultivated land. My study of vegetation areas lasted from 2013 to 2015. As monitoring methods I used Zurich-Montpelier phytosociological school. Monitoring was statistically processed by analysis DCA and CCA. Total of 91 kinds of plants were founded in the selected places of the river. The highest ground cover species were Impatiens glandulifera, Plantago major, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Urtica dioica, Convolvulus arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora, Elytrigia repens.
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Proti americkému brouku! Lze odstranit raka signálního z malého toku?
JAKŠ, Jiří
Biological invasion by invasive alien crayfish species is a serious problem for the whole ecosystem. Non-native crayfish species have significantly better biological equipment and ability to adapt to the environment in which they live. This makes them very dangerous animals not only for our native crayfish species. One of these dangerous alien species is the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus - Dana, 1852). This species was imported from North America because of economic reasons. At the time of introduction of this non-native species, such massive spreading was not expected as well as negative impacts on native species. Now it is necessary to reduce the number of crayfish and thus significantly help the whole ecosystem. There are several ways how to reduce the population of signal crayfish and other non-native crayfish species. It was the subject of this work and it was only necessary to choose the appropriate method. Finally, one of the least invasive methods was chosen for this work, which is catching crayfish by hand and the net. The Křesánovský brook near Vimperk was chosen as a locality, where is located the dense population of the signal crayfish. This species already significantly reduced all the typical fish species that normally lived in this trout brook, and also significantly reduced the number of native crayfish (Astacus astacus - Linnaeus, 1758). This species can be seen there only rarely and often of a poor fitness. At the beginning of presented work, the main question was how successful this catch method would be. According to current theoretical knowledge, the method of catching crayfish by hand with net has a low success rate and it is not possible to remove the crayfish completely from the stream using this method. However, no one has conducted such a study at small accessible stream and it was therefore appropriate to carry out such a study. After intensive catches in the period from April to November, it was found that we are not able to remove or significantly reduce the number of crayfish living in this stream. However, there are several alternatives that can be used. These alternatives can be found in this work.
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Invasive water invertebrates in Czech Republic
Kolářová, Lucie ; Tátosová, Jolana (advisor) ; Dočkalová, Kateřina (referee)
An introduction of invasive species is considered to be one of the most actual problems of these days and is also related with water environment and water invertebrates. Occurences of many non-native species has been recorded in waters of the Czech Republic and these species can be divided into two groups. Species of the first group are invasive alien species - their ecological patterns (e.g. high growing rates, high reproductive capacity or ability to transfer exotic diseases) make their spreading more successful. North-American crayfish species (Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus), Dreissena polymorpha or Dikerogammarus villosus are the typical representatives of this group. The spreading of these species is very remarkable, since their introduction causes many harmful effects and has negative impacts on native fauna. However, the appearance of other group of water invertebrates has been found in our waters. These are also non-indigenous species, but their spreading is very inconspicuous - they do not reach high population densities and their invasion does not cause negative impacts on native fauna and ecosystems. The evidence of these harmless invasive species has been recorded thanks to the monitoring programs and we possibly wouldn't know about them without this monitoring. The...
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Habitat requirements and competition between native and invasive Impatiens species
Čuda, Jan ; Skálová, Hana (advisor) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
Three of Impatiens species are widespread in the Czech republic, one is native, two of them invasive. Because all species occur in relatively similar habitats, the question is, whether the invasive species can negatively affect the native species, or even the original can can be displaced. The aim of the thesis was: (i) to compare habitat requirments of the Impatiens species, (ii) to determine if the coexistence of species is possible, (iii) to assess the impact of invasive species to the original species. The investigation was carried out using two sets of permanent plots in 5 localities. In the first set with a total of 84 plots (combinations of occurrence of the three species) site characteristics as tree cover, soil humidity, slope and bare land cover were directly measured and nutrient, light, humidity and soil reaction characteristic assessed using Ellenberg indicator values. The second set contained a total of 45 plots with one of the native-invasive congener pair being removed and the intact controls. Number, cover and height of the plants were assesed. The key enviromental factors determining distribution of the species were soil moisture for I. noli-tangere and I. parviflora, and tree cover for I. glandulifera and I. parviflora. Ellenberg indicator values had poor explanation value;...
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Analysis of ichtyofauna of the Czech Republic focused on alien species
Goldstein, David ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Andreska, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyzes the ichthyofauna in Czech Republic in historical terms, i.e. how was the data on the occurrence of native species of fishes and lampreys collected. Particular attention is given to species alien to this territory - the following species are elaborated in more detail: Carassius auratus, Ameiurus nebulosus, Pseudorasbora parva, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Coregonus maraena,Coregonus peled, Acipeneser baerii, Acipeneser stellatus, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. The history of the introductions, the current situation in the Czech Republic and the impact on native ichthyofauna are listed (a more detailed evaluation of invasiveness is included for Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva). Finally, the efforts to enrich the local ichthyofauna by introducing new species are generally evaluated.
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Invasions of phytophagous insects in Central Europe
Rejmanová, Aneta ; Špryňar, Pavel (advisor) ; Koubek, Tomáš (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is meant as a literature search concerned with invasions of phytophagous insects in Central Europe (mainly in the Czech Republic). I have summarized the findings from Czech and foreign studies dealing with this issue. Biological invasions are now a significant phenomenon. About 400 species of non-native insects occur in the Czech Republic, of which about half are phytophagous insects. In my Bachelor thesis I dealt with terminology that related to this subjekt, some more general regularities in the relationship of plants and insects, the primary areas of non-native insects, their pathways and their impact. I also chose few well-known representatives for better ilustration and I trying to find out, which plants non-native insect attacks the most. Key words: alien insects, phytophagous, plant, invasive
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Tropické pavilony zoologických zahrad jako životní prostor pro necílové organizmy (pavouky) - komplexní studie
Pešan, Vojtěch
This thesis focuses ontopic regarding: „Tropical pavilions in zoological gardens as living space for nontargeted species (spiders) – complex study” is focused on generic diversity of original and non–native species (mostly spiders) in tropical and subtropical pavilions of zoological gardens in Brno and Prague. The final goal of this thesis is to gather information in local pavilions and terrariums and determinating generic diversity especially in non–native species of spiders. Collecting samples was done by land–falling traps and on a few occasions by hand. Collected samples of invertebrates species were then determinated. Main goal was to determinate, which local rare species of local and mostly non–native species occur in zoological gardens. After the determination was done the most occured species were Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Koch, 1841) in Brno ZOO and Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) in Prague ZOO. The most interesting findings were Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1892), Theotima minutissima (Petrunkevitch, 1929) a Prodidomidae Simon family, 1884, which occurence were in Czech Republic not yet recorded. Furthermore were found few species which are in Czech Republic rare, primarily Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846).
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The response of Marsh Frog (\kur{Pelophylax ridibundus}) to the presence of alien predators
KROUFKOVÁ, Michaela
This study focuses on the antipredator strategies of amphibian larvae in relation to some of their predators. Namely, the relationship between the larvae of the marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) and the invasive species of the fish, the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva). Latter part of the experiment involves investigation into the relationship between another non-native species, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Both are non-native species of small fishes. The topmouth gudgeon was introduced unintentionally in the 1980s from Hungary. It is listed on the Black List of the Czech Republic and it is on the list of invasive non-native species of the EU Regulation (1143/2014), (Kuřátko, 1998; Poláková et al., 2016). The three-spined stickleback was brought into our territory from America. It was probably released into local ponds by Czech aquarists at the beginning of the 20th century. It is a species that is not listed on the Black List of the Czech Republic, but its negative impact on fish fry has been previously documented (Poláková et al., 2016). Both species have been known for a negative impact on the biological diversity of our fauna, but the influence of these predators on our amphibians has not so far been documented. The experimental part investigates the damage of tadpoles caused by these non-native fishes and the defensive strategy of the tadpoles. The tadpoles were provided with a hiding place as one of the possible escape strategies against the predator.
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